College of Natural and Computational Sciences

Green Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, and Co3O4) Using Curcuma Longa Spice Waste Peel Extract and their Application for Removal of Lead ion (Pb 2+ ) and Drug Resistance Bacteria

2024-04-10T00:00:00Z

Green Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, and Co3O4) Using Curcuma Longa Spice Waste Peel Extract and their Application for Removal of Lead ion (Pb 2+ ) and Drug Resistance Bacteria Jufar, Debela; Tadele, Gashaw; Arimo, Andualem The heavy metals found in contaminated waters were dangerous for the environment and human health, so it was necessary to seek and apply techniques to remove these pollutants, using adsorption techniques with green synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles as cost effective adsorbent. Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) was a viable alternative methodology because of cost-effective and availability of environmentally friendly templates for desired application, which has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Since large amounts of Curcuma longa spice waste were abandoned after agro-processes around Tepi areas, the possibility of developing value-added products from them was interesting innovation. In this work, Metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using Curcuma Longa spice peel extract afterward which were then used as Lead metal ion adsorbents. The Metal oxide ZnO, CuO, and Co3O4 nanoparticles was characterized by several techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) indicates that the green synthesized metal oxide (ZnO, CuO, and Co3O4) nanoparticles were too crystalline, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) metal oxide nanoparticles indicated that ZnO nanoparticle was more stable than other. Metal oxide nanoparticles were showed the enhanced antibacterial activity; 13 mm, 11mm, and 13mm towards S. Pyogen for ZnO, Co3O4, and CuO respectively, which was attributed to the formation of enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS). This metal oxide nanoparticles were used as adsorbents for adsorption studies of heavy metal ions (Pb +2) within batch adsorption systems. From adsorption parameter (pH effect, metal ion conc. effect, contact time effect, and dosage effect) it was found that the metal oxide (ZnO, CuO, and Co3O4) nanoparticles had maximum adsorption for Pb +2 within a given pH rage of 2–10 were 90.5% at the pH 7, 87.52% at pH 5, and 88.63%, at pH 6 for ZnO, CuO, and Co3O4 respectively. In the kinetic model study, a pseudo-second- order model yielded a higher correlation coefficient (R 2) for all metal oxide nanoparticles, than pseudo first-order kinetic model; this describe that well fit of pseudo-second-order model for adsorption behaviour of Pb +2 onto metal oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, the adsorption isotherm behaviour for adsorbate onto adsorbent was well described using the Freundlich isotherm model which shows the highest correlation coefficient (R 2); since the adsorption behaviour of adsorbents involved multilayer physisorption in this study. From the results of this investigation, there was countless possibility for the growth of low-cost adsorbent materials like, ZnO, CuO, and Co3O4

Joint Modeling of Blood Glucose Level, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure with Time- To-Develop Microvascular Complications Among Co-Infected Patients of Diabetic Mellitus and Hypertension in Tepi General Hospital and MTUTH

2023-05-01T00:00:00Z

Joint Modeling of Blood Glucose Level, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure with Time- To-Develop Microvascular Complications Among Co-Infected Patients of Diabetic Mellitus and Hypertension in Tepi General Hospital and MTUTH Aragaw, Adem; Abate, Lemma; Bekele, Alemu Background:- Diabetes mellitus is currently a public health issue in both developed and developing nations and is linked to greater morbidity and mortality globally. We aim to model the progression of several biomarkers, including SBP, FBS, and DBP, as well as the correlation between various aspects of this progression and the time to develop microvascular complications in various association structures. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on co-infected patients at Tepi General Hospital and MTUTH. Ethiopia with an enrollment time of September 2015 and followed for four years. We presented a joint model that consists of two related sub-models: a multivariate linear mixed model for FBS, SBP, and DBP level and a survival sub-model for the patient's developing retinopathy status. Three different forms of joint modeling in the Bayesian approach via R-statistical software were used. For the analysis, we used the JMBayes Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to sample from the posterior conditional distributions. Results: Time had a significant effect on all repeated measurements (SBP, FBS, and DBP) (P<0.001) in the multivariate linear mixed model. The square root FBS, SBP, and DBP are statistically significant at a 5% level of significance in all forms of the joint models that we considered: This indicates that there is strong evidence of the association between the effect of the longitudinal square root FBS, SBP and DBP on the risk of developing retinopathy for Co infected patients. Time-updated FBS of Co Infected patients makes them develop complications earlier. Conclusion: At a 5% level of significance(p-value<0.05), the risk of patients' hazard become increases as the SBP, FBS, and DBP become increase. From a methodological perspective considering different association structures in joint modeling leads to appropriate decisions. The fixed effects of baseline age, residence, educational status, occupation, smoking, family history of DM, and weight significantly affect the developing retinopathy time(p-value<0.05).

Determinants of Marital Dissolution in Tepi city Administration and Mizan Aman city Administration

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Determinants of Marital Dissolution in Tepi city Administration and Mizan Aman city Administration Abate, Lema; Bekele, Alemu; Aragaw, Adem; Korkoba, Dereje Background: Marital dissolution or divorce is one of the most dramatic events that can befall in a family. Compared to people in their first marriage, people who are currently married but have ever been divorced have a worse self-rated health, more chronic conditions, more mobility limitations, and more depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of marital dissolution in Tepi and Mizan-Aman city administration. Methods: A community based retrospective study design was conducted to assess factors associated with marital dissolution of ever-married individuals in study area using descriptive and inferential analysis. Multi–Stage sampling technique was used to select appropriate sample. From the survival analysis models; the Cox-proportional hazard model was selected to identify the factors associated with marital dissolution. Results: About 23.9% of participants were divorced or separated from their first partners and the mean survival time was 32 years and one month. Participants who were very unsatisfied and unsatisfied by encouraging support, sexual compatibility, and life before marriage and giving admiration from their partners were more exposed to divorce compared to very satisfied and satisfied. Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that age, partner’s education levels, occupation, lie partner, consultancy and conflict resolution methods had significant effects on survival time of duration of marriage. The risk of marital dissolution was significantly lower for uneducated partners (HR=0.0.296; P=0.039), merchant (HR= 0.408; P= 0.007) and participants who never lie their partners (HR= 0.265; P = 0.000) compared to their counterpart. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrated that age group, partner’s education level, occupation type, lie partner, getting consultancy about marriage, and conflict resolution methods have significant effect on the survival time of marital dissolution. Participants whose age was less than or equal to 20 year during study time was more exposed to marital dissolution than whose age was greater than 40 years old. This implies that early marriage had significant effect on the duration of ever-married couples. Respondents who got consultancy about the marriage was less likely to divorce compared to participants who didn’t get consultancy

Ethnozoological Investigation of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Medicinal Animals in Sheka Zone Southwest Ethiopia

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Ethnozoological Investigation of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Medicinal Animals in Sheka Zone Southwest Ethiopia Mola, Misganaw; Derbew, Bizuwork; Asnakew, Muluye History reported that human beings are familiar with the use of animals and plants for food, cloth, medicine, etc. In Ethiopia, many ethnic communities which are dispersed all over the country have been totally dependent on traditional medicine for their health care. Thus, this study aimed to document the ethno-zoological medicinal animals used by people and its threat to conservation in southwest Ethiopia. Data was collected through a questionnaire, focus group discussion and a semi structured questionnaire involving 56 purposively selected respondents. Based on the ethno-zoological survey, the scientific name of animals, animal parts/products used, mode of preparation and administration was recorded. A total of 39 animal species used in traditional zoo-therapeutics, i.e., 17 species of mammals, 7 species of birds and arthropod for each, 4 species of reptiles, 2 species of fish, 1 species of annelids and 1 species of Mollusca were recorded. These animals were used in 42 different medicinal purposes including rheumatism, malaria, bad sprit, headache, rabies, anemia, gastritis, asthma, paralysis, and cough. Furthermore, the Stingless bee (Trigona species) honey used to relieve asthma, migraine and headache had the highest FL (n=85% and the horn of Ox/cow to cure typhoid and the milk Camel (Camelus dromedaries) treat stomachache (n = 22%) have the lowest fidelity level. People of the study area gather different parts or products of animals such as milk, bone, visceral organ, meat, excreta and honey for the treatment of various ailments. These medicines are applied by massaging, eating, drinking, tying and fumigation. The highest ICF (0.85) value was obtained for diseases related Asthma, cough, sinusitis and the least one (0.72) was associated with Gastric, typhoid, malaria, amoeba, hepatitis, gonorrhea and rabies. The study also revealed that wild life hunting (29%), human wildlife conflict (23%), habitat loss and degradation (18%), sex biased animal selection for medicine (12%), migration of wild animals (11%) and animal diseases (7%) are threats for the conservation of medicinal animal in the study area. As such, this ethno-zoological practice may have a great effect on animal conservation. To minimize these effects, increasing awareness of traditional healers about the conservation of medicinal animals, organizing community-based conservation approaches, and the implementation of local and national conservation regulations must be regulated.