Abstract:
Background: Despite its severity, there has been a lack of adequate study on autosomal
dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Ethiopia. This study assessed the clinical profile and
determinant factors contributing to renal disease progression. Methods: A retrospective study was
conducted on 114 patients for 6 years in Addis Ababa. Patients with ADPKD who had follow-up visits
at two health centers were included. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 42.7 ± 12.7 years, with
43% reporting a positive family history of ADPKD. Approximately 22 patients (20%) developed endstage renal disease, and 12 patients died. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at the initial
visit was 72.4 mL/min/1.73 m2
. The key risk factors associated with disease progression included
younger age at diagnosis [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98; p = 0.007], male gender
(aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3–15.95, p = 0.017), higher baseline systolic blood pressure (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI:
1.01–1.10, p = 0.026), and the presence of comorbidities (aOR: 3.95, 95% CI: 1.10–14.33, p = 0.037). The
progression of renal disease in ADPKD patients significantly correlates with age at diagnosis, gender,
presence of comorbidities, and higher baseline systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: These findings
underscore the importance of early detection and management of hypertension and comorbidities in
ADPKD patients to mitigate disease progression and improve treatment outcomes.
